# Resume Generation Reference

> Default audience: International Tech employers hiring in Europe.
> Canonical authority: `resume_builder/canonical/claims.json`.

## 1. Audience Profile Selection

Choose before planning content:

| Profile | Use when | Defaults |
|---|---|---|
| International Tech | FAANG, US-tech, international scale-up, English-language engineering role | 2 pages; no photo or demographic data; conventional headers |
| Swiss/DACH | Traditional Swiss/German/Austrian employer or explicit local dossier request | 2 pages normally; optional photo only by user choice; references/certificates separate |
| Denmark | Danish employer without a more specific format | Normally 2 pages; tailored professional profile (roughly 4–8 lines), explain unfamiliar employers and relevant collaboration; assess a specific motivation letter |
| Norway | Norwegian employer without a more specific format | Normally 2 pages; tailored key qualifications (roughly 4–6 lines), clear responsibilities and results; assess a specific motivation letter |
| Employer-specific | NATO, public sector, academic or a mandated portal format | Follow the employer's explicit rules |

International Tech remains the default for international tech recruiting. Use the local Denmark/Norway profile where appropriate; explicit employer requirements and user preferences take precedence. Profile lengths are guidance, not gates. Keep the standing preferences against demographic details; no photo is required.

Market guidance: [Workindenmark profile](https://www.workindenmark.dk/job-search-in-denmark/your-cv/a-good-personal-profile-counts) and [Tekna CV](https://www.tekna.no/en/career/cv-and-cover-letter/how-to-write-a-good-cv/), reviewed 2026-09-11. Only state relocation or local-language plans if confirmed.

## 2. Evidence Preflight

Before selecting or writing content:

1. Read `resume_builder/canonical/claims.json` completely.
2. Run `python resume_builder/helpers/validate_resume_system.py`.
3. Read `config.md` corrections and the relevant experience files.
4. Never use a historical output as a source or starting draft.
5. Apply each canonical claim's scope, allowed verbs and forbidden phrases.
6. If a metric is unverified, omit it or ask the user. Never estimate it.

Accuracy remains: **Accuracy > Relevance > Impact > ATS > Brevity**.

## 3. Information Hierarchy

The reader must see these items in this order:

1. Name, professional identity, contact/location/work authorization.
2. Optional 2--3 line summary.
3. Compact skills block: normally 4–8 rendered lines, checked in the PDF.
4. Professional Experience, reverse chronological.
5. Education and relevant certifications once.

Every experience header uses:

- Bold employer first.
- Dates on the same line.
- Formal or transparent normalized title second.
- Location second.

Do not place a JD-tailored marketing theme before the employer/title. Never turn a target phrase into a historical credential.

Work authorization is optional in the visible header. Dennis is a German/EU
citizen with a Swiss B residence permit and requires no visa or employer
sponsorship. Use the shortest useful form only when it resolves uncertainty or
the application explicitly asks; otherwise location and contact details are enough.

## 4. Content Allocation

Use relevance and evidence, not page-filling quotas. For Dennis's normal 2-page resume:

- Swisscom: 4--5 bullets.
- Bosch: 3--4 bullets.
- Fraunhofer, Vizrt and Generali: 0--1 bullet each.
- **Capgemini: NEVER include.** Standing user preference (`config.md`); the resulting
  Nov 2014 - May 2015 gap is intentional and must not be "fixed" or explained away.
- Bundeswehr: include only when directly relevant (defence, public-sector and security employers).
- Typical total: 11--14 bullets. This is a guide, not a requirement.

A strong shorter resume is better than a full page padded with weak evidence. White space is acceptable when hierarchy and readability are strong.

## 5. Summary

The summary is optional. When used:

- International Tech/Swiss-DACH: normally 2–3 rendered lines. Denmark/Norway: use the profile guidance above, without padding.
- State the demonstrated professional identity and two strongest proof points.
- Do not state the desired role as if it were prior experience.
- Avoid credential lists and unsupported scale claims.

## 6. Skills

- Use roughly 4–8 rendered lines from `skills_taxonomy.md`, not a count of source macros.
- List only canonical `allowed` or context-appropriate `allowed-with-context` skills.
- Certification-only skills stay in certification context.
- Do not use Expert/Proficient/Familiar self-ratings.
- Do not list a technology merely because it appears in the JD.
- Be ready with a specific example for every listed skill.

## 7. Bullet Writing

Write bullets from canonical facts and experience records, not from old resume wording.

Each bullet should make clear:

- what Dennis did;
- the system/domain and relevant scope;
- why the work mattered, only when evidence supports that result.

Natural one-, two- and three-line bullets may be mixed. There are no target character bands. Flag only bullets that are genuinely difficult to scan (normally over about 35 words or containing more than two distinct accomplishments).

Use metrics only when verified. Company size, customer names, generic industry volumes and market economics are context, not personal impact.

### 7a. Cadence variety (anti-monotony)

Individually honest bullets can still read as machine-written when they all share one
rhythm. Measured across the 18 packages in `output/` (368 bullets): **45 % used the same
"X, Y and Z" triple**, and the SBB package reached **85 % — 11 of 13 bullets, every
Swisscom and Bosch line**. Nothing in it was false; it simply had one cadence.

This is a *style* problem, never a truth problem. Never trade accuracy, scope discipline
or a hedged verb to fix cadence — an accurate monotonous bullet beats a varied inaccurate
one. Fix it by reshaping sentences, not by changing what is claimed.

Per document, aim for:

- **At most about half the bullets carrying a three-part list.** The triple is normal resume
  grammar and humans use it too; the tell is using little else.
- **At least two or three bullets in a different shape** — a short declarative with a single
  object; a bullet with one object rather than three; a bullet whose scope clause comes first.
- **No two consecutive bullets opening with the same verb** (the SBB resume had "Build and
  model…" directly followed by "Build and operate…").
- **Visible length variation inside each position**, not just across the document. Five bullets
  at 25–30 words read as generated even when the document's overall range looks fine.

`validate_resume_system.py --document <file.tex>` measures all three and reports them as
**WARN**, never ERROR — cadence can never fail a document. The length threshold is calibrated
on the 50 multi-bullet positions in `output/`, whose spreads are bimodal (1–9 words, then
15–17): it flags a spread of 4 words or less, the tight tail, not the median.

Diagnostic only — like character counts, these are checks, never targets, and no bullet
should be padded or trimmed to hit them.

## 8. Titles and Seniority

- Preserve official titles when recognizable.
- A transparent normalized parenthetical is allowed, e.g. `Senior Engineer, Data Analysis (Data & ML Engineering)`.
- Do not self-promote to Principal, Architect, Manager, SRE, Forward Deployed Engineer or Consultant without verified title/function evidence.
- Preserve promotion timing at Swisscom.

## 9. Mechanical Verification

After generation:

1. Run `python resume_builder/helpers/validate_resume_system.py --document <file.tex>`.
2. Compile with the local LaTeX distribution.
3. Verify exactly 2 pages unless the chosen profile explicitly allows otherwise.
4. Extract text with `pdftotext` and confirm employer/title/date order.
5. Inspect the rendered PDF: no clipping, overlap, tiny text, isolated headings or awkward page break.
6. Check that experience begins comfortably on page 1 and certifications are not duplicated.
7. Act on any cadence WARN from step 1 (§7a). These never fail the document; reshape the
   offending sentences, never the claims behind them.

Do not add content merely to reduce bottom whitespace.

## 10. Gap and Bridge Rules

Classify every JD requirement as:

- **Direct:** demonstrated with a canonical professional example.
- **Adjacent:** a real related method/tool with an explicit transfer explanation.
- **Gap:** no reliable evidence.

Never turn Adjacent into Direct by vocabulary substitution. A required, title-defining Gap is an application-fit problem, not a resume-writing problem.

---

## Page-one weighting and rendered density (review findings F18/F19, 2026-09-11)

**The problem, measured:** across four compiled packages the first real employment entry began
at **45-55% of page one** (NVIDIA 55.4%, SBB 50.6%, RUAG 50.3%, Aker BP 45.4%). A reader
reaching the middle of the page has seen a profile and a skills block, and no evidence yet.
Measure with `helpers/page_metrics.py <pdf>` rather than estimating.

These are **diagnostics, not targets.** There is no pixel goal and no rule that page two must
be filled. A package that reads well at 50% is fine; a skills block that pushed evidence there
is not.

### Skills: budget RENDERED lines, not source macros

The old rule counted `\skillline` macros, which does not control density: six categories with
long value lists wrap to **twelve or more rendered lines**. The NVIDIA package is the worked
example - six `\skillline` calls, one of them 240 characters.

- **Aim for roughly 4-8 rendered lines of skills**, verified in the compiled PDF.
- **Cut anything the experience bullets already prove.** A skills line repeating "Kubernetes,
  Docker, GitLab CI/CD" when three bullets below say the same thing spends page-one space to
  say it twice.
- **Keep what the JD actually gates on** plus the ATS literals that are genuinely evidenced.
  Drop adjacent nice-to-haves; they read as padding and cost the reader's first screen.
- Certifications belong on one line, at the end, not spread across categories.

**Worked example, measured 2026-09-11.** The submitted NVIDIA CV was rebuilt from a copy with
this guidance applied - six skill lines cut to four by removing what the experience bullets
already prove, and the education entries split per F19. Result: the experience section moved
from **55.4% to 44.0%** of page one, page-one text lines from 47 to 39, still two pages, zero
overfull boxes, validator PASS. The submitted document itself was NOT modified (F17: archives
are evidence).

### Order: employer chronology stays, evidence order inside a position does not

- **Keep reverse-chronological employers.** Swiss and German readers expect it and breaking it
  looks evasive.
- **Within a position, lead with the bullet closest to the target role**, not with the one that
  happens to be most senior or most recent. The chronology is between employers, not inside one.
- After the short profile, the next thing should be **either the experience section or a very
  compact competence block**. Not both at full length.

### Education (F19)

Long single-cell entries - degree, focus, institution, right-aligned date - produce visible
word-spacing and mid-word breaks. Seen in SBB, NVIDIA and Aker BP.

- **Split the entry**: degree on the entry line, institution (and focus) on the line below.
  `RUAG_AI_Engineer_C5I` is the model that already does this well.
- **Grades and thesis stay only where they carry concrete relevance.** For an experienced
  industry profile they usually do not; `claims.json` `grade_output_rule` already says grades
  are off by default. The M.Eng. thesis is worth naming when the role touches condition
  monitoring, diagnostics or industrial sensor data - as the SBB asset-management req did -
  and otherwise not.
- Do not let an immutable template line force education detail into a document that does not
  need it.